What is the term for a subset of a population that accurately reflects the characteristics of the whole?

A representative sample is a term used in research and statistical analysis to describe a subset of a population that accurately reflects the characteristics of the entire group from which it is drawn. This concept is essential in various fields, including law enforcement research, as it ensures that the conclusions drawn from the sample can be generalized to the broader population.

In practice, having a representative sample means that the demographic, social, and other relevant characteristics of the sample align closely with those of the population. This alignment allows researchers and law enforcement professionals to make informed decisions based on the data collected, eliminating biases that might stem from using a non-representative sample.

For example, if a law enforcement agency conducts a survey on community perceptions of safety, it is crucial that the sample they select includes individuals from various backgrounds, ages, and neighborhoods so that the results truly reflect the views of the entire community. This kind of methodological rigor helps in devising effective policies and responses to community concerns.